Description

Look up host, protocol, and service information.

Author

Jim Ursetto

Version

Requires

Usage

(require-extension hostinfo)

Download

hostinfo.scm

Documentation

This extension performs host, protocol and service information lookups via underlying calls to gethostbyname(3), getprotobyname(3), and getservbyname(3). Depending on your system, this may consult DNS, NIS, /etc/hosts, /etc/services, /etc/protocols, and so on.

A simple interface is provided for the most commmon queries. Also provided is a more comprehensive interface using records, which contain all data available in a lookup.

IP addresses are represented by 4 (IPv4) or 16 (IPv6) byte u8vectors. The interface requires, and returns, addresses in this format; functions are provided to convert between the string and u8vector representations. However, the "do what I want" procedures (e.g. host-information) will do the conversion for you.

Short and sweet

Quickly perform the most common lookups. Convenient and efficient for one-off use, but perform a new lookup each time. They return #f on failure.

procedure: (hostname->ip HOSTNAME)
Look up string HOSTNAME and return IP address as u8vector.
procedure: (ip->hostname IPADDR)

Look up u8vector IPADDR and return hostname as string.

procedure: (protocol-name->number PROTOCOL-NAME)

Look up string PROTOCOL-NAME and return protocol number.

procedure: (protocol-number->name PROTOCOL-NUMBER)

Look up PROTOCOL-NUMBER and return protocol name as string.

procedure: (service-port->name SERVICE-PORT [PROTO])

Look up SERVICE-PORT number and return service name as string. Optional PROTO argument, which must be a string, constrains lookup to that protocol.

procedure: (service-name->port SERVICE-NAME [PROTO])

Look up string SERVICE-NAME and return the canonical port for that service. Optional PROTO argument as above.

Records

Some lookups return a host, protocol, or service record. These records print nicely on the screen, for convenient interactive use.

procedure: (hostinfo-address h)

Retrieves the address field of the hostinfo record h. Accessors are similar for other records and their fields.

record: hostinfo
name Hostname
addresses A vector of one or more u8vector IP addresses
aliases A vector of any alternate hostnames
address The first IP address (u8vector) in addresses
type 'AF_INET (IPv4) or 'AF_INET6 (IPv6)
length IP address length in bytes
record: protoinfo
name Protocol name
number Protocol number
aliases Vector of alternate names for this protocol
record: servinfo
name Service name
number Service number
aliases Vector of alternate names for this service
protocol Name of protocol this service uses

Record lookup

procedure: (hostname->hostinfo NAME)
procedure: (ip->hostinfo IPADDR)
procedure: (service-name->servinfo NAME)
procedure: (service-port->servinfo NUM)
procedure: (protocol-name->protoinfo NAME)
procedure: (protocol-number->protoinfo NUM)

These lookups correspond to those described in Short and sweet, but return a full record. The entire record is filled in a single system call.

One-stop shops

These decipher your argument, call the appropriate lookup, and return an information record.

procedure: (host-information HOST)

Look up and return a hostinfo record, or #f. HOST is a string hostname, a string numeric IP address, or a u8vector IP address.

procedure: (protocol-information PROTO)

Look up and return a protoinfo record, or #f. PROTO is a protocol number or string name.

procedure: (service-information SERVICE [PROTO])

Look up and return a servinfo record, or #f. SERVICE is a service number or string name. PROTO is an optional protocol number or string name, which will constrain lookups to that particular protocol.

NOTE: if the protocol number is illegal, an error is thrown, since this was probably unintentional.

Utility functions

procedure: (string->ip IP-STRING)

Convert an IPv4 or IPv6 address string in canonical format to a u8vector, which can be considered an "IP address object". Returns #f on failure.

procedure: (ip->string IPADDR)

Convert a 4 (IPv4) or 16 (IPv6) element u8vector to a string in canonical format. Throws an error if the u8vector is not 4 or 16 bytes long. This call should only fail on system error, in which case it will return #f (perhaps not the best behaviour).

Bugs

IPv6 lookup is not yet supported. However, IPv6<->string conversion works fine.

System errors return failure ( #f) and so are indistinguishable from failed lookups. They should probably signal an error or an exception.

Examples

(host-information "www.call-with-current-continuation.org")
(host-information '#u8(194 97 107 133))
(host-information "194.97.107.133")
    ; =>  #,(hostinfo name: "www003.lifemedien.de" addresses: #(#u8(194 97 107 133))
    ;        aliases: #("www.call-with-current-continuation.org"))
(ip->hostname '#u8(194 97 107 133))   ; "www003.lifemedien.de"
(string->ip "0708::0901")             ;  #u8(7 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 1)
(ip->string '#u8(127 0 0 1))          ;  "127.0.0.1"
(hostinfo-aliases
 (hostname->hostinfo
  (ip->hostname (hostname->ip
                 (hostinfo-name
                  (host-information "www.call-with-current-continuation.org"))))))
                                      ; => #("www.call-with-current-continuation.org")

(protocol-information 17)             ; => #,(protoinfo name: "udp" number: 17 aliases: #("UDP"))
(protoinfo-name (protocol-information 2))   ; => "igmp"
(protoinfo-aliases (protocol-name->protoinfo
                    (protocol-number->name
                     (protoinfo-number
                      (protocol-information "ospf")))))  ; => #("OSPFIGP")
(protocol-name->number "OSPFIGP")     ; 89 (you can look up aliases, too)

(servinfo-protocol (service-name->servinfo
                    (service-port->name
                     (servinfo-port (service-information "ssh")))))  ; => "udp" (yes, really)
(service-information "ssh" "tcp") ; => #,(servinfo name: "ssh" port: 22 aliases: #() protocol: "tcp")
(service-information "ssh" "tco") ; => #f
(service-information 512 "tcp")   ; #,(servinfo name: "exec" port: 512 aliases: #() protocol: "tcp")
(service-information 512 "udp")   ; #,(servinfo name: "comsat" port: 512 aliases: #("biff") protocol: "udp")
(service-information 512 17)      ; same as previous
(service-information 512 170000)  ; Error: (service-information) illegal protocol number: 170000

License

Copyright (c) 2005, J. Ursetto.  All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. Redistributions in
  binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
  conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
  other materials provided with the distribution. Neither the name of the
  author nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or
  promote products derived from this software without specific prior
  written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR
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